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1 лагерь старателей
Mining: mine camp, mining camp -
2 шахтный посёлок
Mining: mine camp, mine community, mine town, mining camp -
3 рудник
1) General subject: bal, diggings, groove, mine, mining camp, pit, rabbet, metal mine2) Geology: coal producer, delf, mine camp, mining plant, winning3) Obsolete: minery4) Engineering: captive mine (принадлежащие потребителю полезных ископаемых), digging, ore working, underground mine5) Mining: combined mine, excavating plant (открытый), guag, gwag, ore mine, property, silicotic mine6) Metallurgy: producer -
4 полевое снаряжение
1) General subject: camp equipment (для изыскательских работ и т. п.)2) Military: field gear, field kit, field pack3) Engineering: camp equipment4) Railway term: camp equipment (для изыскательских работ)5) Mining: camp equipment (для изыскательских работ)6) Oil: field equipment7) Cartography: camp equipment (съёмочной партии)8) Tourism: camping equipmentУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > полевое снаряжение
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5 рудничный посёлок
1) Geology: mine camp, mine community, mining camp, tine town, townsite2) Mining: mine town -
6 лагерное оборудование
1) Military: camp equipment2) Mining: camp gearУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > лагерное оборудование
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7 рудник
mine имя существительное: -
8 campo
m.1 country, countryside (campiña).en mitad del campo in the middle of the country o countrysidela emigración del campo a la ciudad migration from rural areas to citiescampo abierto open countrysidea campo traviesa cross country2 field.dejar el campo libre a algo/alguien (figurative) to leave the field clear for something/somebodycampo de aviación airfieldcampo de batalla battlefieldcampo de pruebas testing groundcampo de tiro firing rangecampo visual field of vision3 camp (campamento).campo de refugiados refugee campcampo de concentración concentration campcampo de exterminio death camp4 pitch (sport) (de fútbol). (peninsular Spanish)jugar en campo propio/contrario to play at home/away (from home)campo de deportes sports ground5 field (computing).6 room.7 domain, scope.8 campsite.9 pitch area, area of play.pres.indicat.1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: campar.* * *1 (campiña) country, countryside2 (agricultura) field3 (de deportes) field, pitch4 (espacio) space5 figurado field, scope\dejarle a alguien el campo libre figurado to leave the field open for somebodyir a campo traviesa/través to cut across the fieldscampo de batalla battlefieldcampo de concentración concentration campcampo de fútbol football pitchcampo de golf golf course, golf links pluralcampo de tenis tennis courtcampo de tiro shooting rangecampo deportivo playing fieldcampo visual visual fieldcampo magnético magnetic fieldcasa de campo country housetrabajo de campo field work* * *noun m.1) country, countryside2) field* * *SM1) (=terreno no urbano) countryviven en el campo — they live in the country o countryside
la gente del campo — country people o folk
2) (Agr) [para cultivar]los obreros del campo — farm workers, agricultural workers
los productos del campo — farm produce, country produce
campo de cultivo — (lit) farm land; (fig) breeding ground
3) (Dep) (=estadio) ground; (=cancha) pitch, field (EEUU)4) (=espacio delimitado)Campo de Gibraltar — Spanish territory around the border with Gibraltar
campo santo — cemetery, churchyard
Campos Elíseos — [en París] Champs Elysées; (Mit) Elysian Fields
5) (Mil) (=campamento) camplevantar el campo — (Mil) to break camp, strike camp; (=irse) to make tracks *
campo de aviación — airfield, airdrome (EEUU)
campo de trabajo — [de castigo] labour o (EEUU) labor camp; [de vacaciones] work camp
6) (=grupo) field7) (=ámbito) fieldcampo de acción, campo de actuación — scope, room for manoeuvre o (EEUU) maneuver
campo gravitatorio — gravity field, field of gravity
trabajo 1)campo visual — field of vision, visual field
8) (Arte) background9) (Heráldica) field10) And (=estancia) farm, ranch; Cono Sur (=tierra pobre) barren land; And, Cono Sur (Min) mining concession11) LAm (=espacio) space, roomno hay campo — there's no room o space
* * *1) ( zona no urbana) country; ( paisaje) countrysidecampo a través or a campo traviesa — <cruzar/ir> cross-country
2)a) ( zona agraria) land; ( terreno) fieldb)de campo — field (before n)
investigaciones or observaciones de campo — a field study trabajo
perdieron en su campo or en campo propio — they lost at home
4) (ámbito, área de acción) fieldesto no está dentro de mi campo de acción — this does not fall within my area o field of responsibility
dejarle el campo libre a alguien — to leave the field clear for somebody
5) ( campamento) camplevantar el campo — to make tracks (colloq)
6) (Andes) (espacio, lugar)hagan or abran campo — make room
7) (Inf) field* * *1) ( zona no urbana) country; ( paisaje) countrysidecampo a través or a campo traviesa — <cruzar/ir> cross-country
2)a) ( zona agraria) land; ( terreno) fieldb)de campo — field (before n)
investigaciones or observaciones de campo — a field study trabajo
perdieron en su campo or en campo propio — they lost at home
4) (ámbito, área de acción) fieldesto no está dentro de mi campo de acción — this does not fall within my area o field of responsibility
dejarle el campo libre a alguien — to leave the field clear for somebody
5) ( campamento) camplevantar el campo — to make tracks (colloq)
6) (Andes) (espacio, lugar)hagan or abran campo — make room
7) (Inf) field* * *campo11 = country, countryside, field.Ex: But in the country the processes of printing always provoke such lively curiosity that the customers preferred to go in by a glazed door set in the shop-front and giving onto the street.
Ex: Problems of community service seem to show up more clearly in the countryside.Ex: He was a loner himself, a small-town country boy who spent most of his time wandering about the hills and fields near his home.* biblioteca de campo de concentración = concentration camp library.* campo de juego = pitch.* campo a través = off-road.* campo de alfarero = potter's field.* campo de batalla = battleground, battlefield.* campo de ceniza volcánica = ash field.* campo de césped artificial = all-weather pitch.* campo de concentración = concentration camp, gulag, internment camp.* campo de cricket = cricket grounds.* campo de deportes = sport arena.* campo de detención = internment camp.* campo de exterminación = death camp.* campo de fútbol = football field.* campo de fútbol de tierra = dirt football pitch.* campo de golf = golf course.* campo de hierba artificial = all-weather pitch.* campo de internamiento = internment camp.* campo de juego = playing field.* campo de juego de tierra = dirt pitch.* campo de lava = lava field.* campo de manzanos = apple orchard.* campo de minas = minefield.* campo de naranjos = orange grove, orange orchard.* campo de olivos = olive grove.* campo de petróleo = oil field.* campo de prisioneros = prison camp, P.O.W. camp, prisoner of war camp, gulag.* campo de reclusión = internment camp.* campo de refugiados = refugee camp.* campo de tierra = dirt pitch.* campo de tiro = gun range, shooting range.* campo de trabajos forzados = labour camp, forced labour camp.* campo, el = bush, the.* campo petrolífero de producción regular = marginal field.* casa de campo = holiday home, country residence.* centro del campo = halfway line.* club de campo = country club.* como un campo de batalla = like a war zone.* cría en campo = free-range farming.* de campo = free-range.* dejar los campos en barbecho = let + fields lie fallow.* diario de campo = field notebook.* gallina de campo = free-range hen.* habitante del campo = country dweller.* línea de medio campo = halfway line.* mano de obra del campo = farm labour force.* pollo de campo = free-range chicken.* prácticas de campo = fieldwork [field work].* trabajador de campo = fieldworker [field worker].* trabajador del campo = farmworker [farm worker], agricultural labourer, farm labourer, farm worker.* trabajadores del campo = farm labour force.* vida en el campo = rural life.* vivir del campo = live off + the land.campo22 = area, arena, field, front, territory.Ex: The area in which standards for bibliographic description have had the most impact is in catalogues and catalogue record data bases.
Ex: This shifts the responsibility for headings and their arrangement into the arena of cataloguers and indexers.Ex: An appreciation of alternative approaches is particularly important in this field where trends towards standardisation are the norm.Ex: Present auguries on the resource front are not good.Ex: The report suggests that structural changes within higher education and within the information industry affect the legitimacy, status, and territory of librarians' work.* campo afín = twin field.* campo científico = academic field, scientific field.* campo de acción = purview, scope.* campo de actividad = area of application.* campo de actuación = purview, scope, sphere of interest.* campo de aplicación = field of application, scope, scope of application, field of practice, area of application.* campo de especialización = area of competence, field of specialisation.* campo de estudio = field of study.* campo de interés = sphere of interest.* campo de investigación = research field.* campo de la computación = computing field.* campo del conocimiento = field of knowledge.* campo de trabajo = field of endeavour.* campo de visión = breadth of vision, viewing position, field of vision.* campo electromagnético = electromagnetic field.* campo magnético = magnetic field.* campo temático = subject field.* campo visual = field of vision.* en el campo de = in the realm of, in the field of.* generar un campo magnético = generate + magnetic field.* investigación de campo = intervention research, field research.* investigador de campo = fieldworker [field worker].* trabajo de campo = fieldwork [field work].campo33 = field.Ex: Records are normally divided into fields.
* abreviatura del nombre del campo = tag.* búsqueda por campos = field searching.* campo bibliográfico = bibliographic field.* campo de cabecera = leader field.* campo de control = control field.* campo de datos = datafield.* campo de información = data field.* campo de longitud fija = fixed length field.* campo de longitud variable = variable length field.* campo de notas = notes field.* campo de registro = field.* campo de relación = linking field.* campo de texto libre = free-text field.* campo indizable = indexing field.* campo inserto = embedded field.* campo reservado = reserved field.* campo restringido = limit field.* código de campo = field code.* contenido del campo = field content.* de campos fijos = fixed-field.* delimitador de campo = field delimiter.* etiqueta de campo = field label, field tag.* identificador de campo = field label.* identificador de campo abreviado = short field label.* identificador de campo desarrollado = long field label.* indicador de campo = field indicator.* marca de final de campo = delimiter.* nombre del campo = field name.* separador de campo = field separator.* sufijo de campo = field suffix code.* tamaño del campo = field size.* tecla de borrado de campo = ERASE FIELD key.el campo(n.) = bush, theEx: Her experiences in Namibia involved cycling along dirt roads through the bush to village schools in order to read stories and help children make their own books = Sus experiencias en Namibia supusieron ir en bicicleta por caminos de tierra por el campo a las escuelas de las aldeas para leer cuentos y ayudar a los niños a hacer sus propios libros.
* * *A(campiña): el campo the countryse fue a vivir al campo he went to live in the countryla migración del campo a la ciudad migration from the countryside o from rural areas to the citiesel campo se ve precioso con nieve the countryside looks lovely in the snowmodernizar el campo to modernize agricultureel campo no se cultiva de manera eficaz the land is not worked efficientlylas faenas del campo farm workla gente del campo country peoplea campo raso out in the opencampo a través or a campo traviesa or a campo través cross-countryCompuesto:cross-country runningel campeonato nacional de campo a través the national cross-country championships1 ( Agr) fieldlos campos de cebada the barleyfields, the fields of barleyperdieron en su campoor en campo propio they lost at homelleno absoluto en el campo the stadium o ( BrE) ground is packed3hicieron investigaciones or observaciones de campo they did a field studyCompuestos:masculine and feminine ( Ven) shortstoplanding fieldbattlefieldtraining grounddeath campgolf course, golf links (pl)field of honor*killing fieldminefieldtesting o proving groundfiring rangeairfieldminefield( Per) mineoilfieldcemeteryC (ámbito, área de acción) fieldesto no está dentro de mi campo de acción this does not fall within my area o field of responsibilityel campo de acción de la comisión the committee's remitabandonó el campo de la investigación she gave up research workdejarle el campo libre a algn to leave the field clear for sbCompuestos:field of fireforce fieldfield of vision● campo gravitatorio or de gravedadgravitational fieldmagnetic fieldoperative fieldsemantic fieldfield of visionD (campamento) campCompuestos:concentration camprefugee campE( Andes) (espacio, lugar): hagan or abran campo make roomsiempre le guardo campo I always save her a placeF ( Inf) fieldG (en heráldica) field* * *
Del verbo campar: ( conjugate campar)
campo es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
campó es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo
Multiple Entries:
campar
campo
campo sustantivo masculino
1 ( zona no urbana) country;
( paisaje) countryside;
el campo se ve precioso the countryside looks beautiful;
campo a través or a campo traviesa ‹caminar/ir› cross-country
2 ( zona agraria) land;
( terreno) field;
las faenas del campo farm work;
los campos de cebada the field of barley;
campo de aterrizaje landing field;
campo de batalla battlefield;
campo de minas minefield;
campo petrolífero oilfield
3 (Dep) ( de fútbol) field, pitch (BrE);
( de golf) course;◊ jugar en campo propio/contrario to play at home/away;
campo a través cross-country running;
campo de tiro firing range
4 (ámbito, área de acción) field;
5 ( campamento) camp;◊ campo de concentración/de refugiados concentration/refugee camp
campar verbo intransitivo to stand out, be prominent
♦ Locuciones: familiar campar por sus respetos, to do as one pleases
campo sustantivo masculino
1 country, countryside
2 (tierra de cultivo) land: trabaja en el campo, he works on the land
(parcela de cultivo) field: los campos de girasoles embellecen el paisaje, sunflower fields leave the landscape looking beautiful
3 Dep field
(de fútbol) pitch
(de golf) course
4 (ámbito) field
5 Fís Fot field 6 campo de acción, field of action
Mil campo de batalla, battlefield
campo de concentración, concentration camp
campo de trabajo, work camp
campo magnético, magnetic field
campo visual, field of vision
trabajo de campo, fieldwork
♦ Locuciones: a campo traviesa o través, cross-country
' campo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abierta
- abierto
- ampliar
- aplanar
- chalet
- ciudad
- dibujar
- dominguera
- dominguero
- dominio
- eminencia
- empecinada
- empecinado
- faena
- faenar
- finca
- mariscal
- merendero
- pequeña
- pequeño
- primicia
- rancho
- reverdecer
- salida
- sembrada
- sembrado
- terrena
- terreno
- villa
- vista
- zigzag
- abonar
- ámbito
- anegar
- avance
- caminata
- campesino
- cercar
- criar
- cultivar
- empantanado
- empantanarse
- excursión
- florido
- fumigar
- labor
- medio
- merendar
- merienda
- milpa
English:
airfield
- angrily
- area
- arena
- battlefield
- bound
- common
- concentration camp
- cottage
- country
- country club
- country cottage
- countryside
- course
- cover
- cross-country
- domain
- dread
- field
- field trip
- field work
- football field
- free rein
- front nine
- go through
- golf course
- ground
- link
- magnetic
- minefield
- open
- out-of-bounds
- pasture
- pitch
- playing field
- proving ground
- ramble
- range
- reputed
- rifle range
- rolling
- scramble
- shooting-range
- sphere
- villa
- ahead
- battle
- branch
- concentration
- cross
* * *campo nm1. [terreno, área] field;un campo de tomates a field of tomatoes;dejar el campo libre a algo/alguien to leave the field clear for sth/sbcampo de acogida [de refugiados] provisional refugee camp;campo de aterrizaje landing-field;campo de aviación airfield;también Fig campo de batalla battlefield;campo de concentración concentration camp;los Campos Elíseos [en París] the Champs Êlysées;el campo enemigo enemy territory;campo de exterminio death camp;el Campo de Gibraltar = the area of Spain at the border of Gibraltar;campo de hielo ice field;campos de maíz cornfields;también Fig campo minado minefield;campo de minas minefield;campo de nieve snowfield;campo petrolífero oilfield;campo de prisioneros prison camp;campo de pruebas testing ground, proving-ground;campo de refugiados refugee camp;campo de tiro [para aviones] bombing range;[para policías, deportistas] firing range, shooting range;campo de trabajo [de vacaciones] work camp;[para prisioneros] labour campuna casa en el campo a house in the country;en mitad del campo in the middle of the country o countryside;la emigración del campo a la ciudad migration from rural areas to citiescampo abierto open countryside; Dep campo a través cross-country running [de tenis] court; [de golf] course;el campo de fútbol del Barcelona the Barcelona football ground;el campo contrario the opponents' half;jugar en campo propio/contrario to play at home/away (from home)campo atrás [en baloncesto] backcourt violation;campo de entrenamiento training ground;campo de juego playing field4. [área, ámbito] field;el campo de las ciencias the field of science;un campo del saber a field o an area of knowledge;no entra en su campo de actuación it's not one of his responsibilitiesLing campo léxico lexical field5. Informát field6.de campo [sobre el terreno] in the field;trabajo de campo fieldwork7. Fís fieldcampo eléctrico electric field;campo electromagnético electromagnetic field;campo de fuerza force field;campo gravitatorio gravitational field;campo magnético magnetic field;campo magnético terrestre terrestrial magnetic field;campo visual visual field, field of vision8. [partido, bando] camp, side;el campo rebelde the rebelshazme campo para que me siente make some room so I can sit down10. RP [hacienda] farm, ranch* * *m1 field2:en el campo in the country(side);ir al campo go to the country;raso in (the) open country;a campo traviesa, campo a través cross-countryground4:en el campo de la técnica in the technical field;tener campo libre para hacer algo have a free hand to do sth* * *campo nm1) campaña: countryside, country2) : fieldcampo de aviación: airfieldsu campo de responsabilidad: her field of responsibility* * *campo n1. (extensión de terreno) country2. (paisaje) countryside3. (tierra de cultivo) field4. (materia de estudio) field -
9 наступать
1) General subject: act on the offensive, advance, aggress, approach, arrive (о времени, событии), assail, attack, come due (срок), dawn, draw upon, make an attack (на), mature (о сроке платежа), press, roll around (о дате), set in, tread, tread down, become due, carry the war into the enemy's camp, fail due, give hell, step, reach maturity (о сроке платежа), make attack (на), spurn, (приближаться) come around, come (напр., о времени)2) Military: attack, conduct an attack, follow up (за), spearhead (в первом эшелоне), streak, march (against smb.), strike at (на кого-л., что-л.)4) Law: accrue (о сроке платежа), accrue due (о сроке платежа), attach, mature (о сроке), trigger5) Economy: be overdue (о сроке), become due (о сроке платежа), come to maturity (о сроке платежа), fall due (о сроке)7) Insurance: attach (о страховом риске, ответственности страховщика)9) Diplomatic term: carry an attack, deliver an attack10) Drilling: invade11) Football: be on the front foot12) EBRD: mature (о сроке платежа или погашения)13) Makarov: apprise, be in (о сезоне), fall, to be in (о сезоне), tramp, transgress, close in, come on, draw on, carry the war into the enemy's camp (в споре), carry the war into the enemy's camp (включая и территорию противника), fall due (о сроке действия), fall due (о сроке платежа)14) Gold mining: penetrate -
10 вахтовый посёлок
1) General subject: rotation village, workers' settlement2) Engineering: camp3) Construction: mancamp4) Oil: field camp5) Sakhalin energy glossary: construction support facility (CSF; ВОИ), rotational village, shift camp6) Gold mining: rotation camp7) oil&gas: base camp -
11 помощник
1) General subject: Temporary Assistant, a helping hand, accessary, acolyte, adjunct, affiliate, aid, aid de camp, aidant, aide (руководителя), aide de camp, ancilla, ancillary, assistant, (Обычно у мангака помощники (один или несколько), которые помогают ему в создании манги. В их обязанности обычно входит черновая работа (подготовка эскизов, обводка, наложение текстур и пр.) при приеме помощника на работу его обыч assistant, auxiliary, booster, bottle holder, bottle-holder, candle-holder, coadjutor, contributor, dep., deputy, devil, factotum, favourer, gillie, help, help-mate, helper, helpmate, helpmeet, hod bearer, hod carrier, hod-bearer, hodman, offsider, second, stooge (добровольный), subsidiary, vice, ally, adjoint, second banana2) Aviation: facilitator3) Naval: mate4) Colloquial: aid-de-camp, aide-de-camp5) American: lieutenant, Backstopper6) Obsolete: adjutant7) Military: apprentice, assistant officer (офицера), backer-up8) History: yeoman (должностного лица), adjunet9) Construction: hand10) Religion: usher11) Law: advocate, aider, associate, auxiliary member12) Economy: assistant officer (младший сотрудник второго разряда), supporter13) Mining: marrow14) Diplomatic term: second-hand15) Abbreviation: ass., asst17) leg.N.P. alternate, substitute18) Makarov: adjuvant19) Ethology: helper (особь, проявляющая родительское отношение к чужим детёнышам) -
12 eksploatacja
-i; f(człowieka, bogactw) exploitation; (maszyny, kopalni) utilization; ( samochodu) operation* * *f.1. (= pozyskiwanie bogactw naturalnych) exploitation, extraction; eksploatacja złóż węgla coal mining, mining of coal deposits; nadmierna eksploatacja overexploitation; eksploatacja odkrywkowa l. naziemna strip l. open-pit mining.2. (= użytkowanie) operation, utilization; okres eksploatacji operating period, (useful) life; koszty eksploatacji operating costs; oddać do eksploatacji put into operation l. service; wycofać z eksploatacji withdraw from operation l. service, discontinue.3. (= wyzysk) exploitation; nieludzka eksploatacja więźniów obozu inhumane exploitation of camp prisoners; eksploatacja sił exploitation of labor.The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > eksploatacja
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13 World War II
(1939-1945)In the European phase of the war, neutral Portugal contributed more to the Allied victory than historians have acknowledged. Portugal experienced severe pressures to compromise her neutrality from both the Axis and Allied powers and, on several occasions, there were efforts to force Portugal to enter the war as a belligerent. Several factors lent Portugal importance as a neutral. This was especially the case during the period from the fall of France in June 1940 to the Allied invasion and reconquest of France from June to August 1944.In four respects, Portugal became briefly a modest strategic asset for the Allies and a war materiel supplier for both sides: the country's location in the southwesternmost corner of the largely German-occupied European continent; being a transport and communication terminus, observation post for spies, and crossroads between Europe, the Atlantic, the Americas, and Africa; Portugal's strategically located Atlantic islands, the Azores, Madeira, and Cape Verde archipelagos; and having important mines of wolfram or tungsten ore, crucial for the war industry for hardening steel.To maintain strict neutrality, the Estado Novo regime dominated by Antônio de Oliveira Salazar performed a delicate balancing act. Lisbon attempted to please and cater to the interests of both sets of belligerents, but only to the extent that the concessions granted would not threaten Portugal's security or its status as a neutral. On at least two occasions, Portugal's neutrality status was threatened. First, Germany briefly considered invading Portugal and Spain during 1940-41. A second occasion came in 1943 and 1944 as Great Britain, backed by the United States, pressured Portugal to grant war-related concessions that threatened Portugal's status of strict neutrality and would possibly bring Portugal into the war on the Allied side. Nazi Germany's plan ("Operation Felix") to invade the Iberian Peninsula from late 1940 into 1941 was never executed, but the Allies occupied and used several air and naval bases in Portugal's Azores Islands.The second major crisis for Portugal's neutrality came with increasing Allied pressures for concessions from the summer of 1943 to the summer of 1944. Led by Britain, Portugal's oldest ally, Portugal was pressured to grant access to air and naval bases in the Azores Islands. Such bases were necessary to assist the Allies in winning the Battle of the Atlantic, the naval war in which German U-boats continued to destroy Allied shipping. In October 1943, following tedious negotiations, British forces began to operate such bases and, in November 1944, American forces were allowed to enter the islands. Germany protested and made threats, but there was no German attack.Tensions rose again in the spring of 1944, when the Allies demanded that Lisbon cease exporting wolfram to Germany. Salazar grew agitated, considered resigning, and argued that Portugal had made a solemn promise to Germany that wolfram exports would be continued and that Portugal could not break its pledge. The Portuguese ambassador in London concluded that the shipping of wolfram to Germany was "the price of neutrality." Fearing that a still-dangerous Germany could still attack Portugal, Salazar ordered the banning of the mining, sale, and exports of wolfram not only to Germany but to the Allies as of 6 June 1944.Portugal did not enter the war as a belligerent, and its forces did not engage in combat, but some Portuguese experienced directly or indirectly the impact of fighting. Off Portugal or near her Atlantic islands, Portuguese naval personnel or commercial fishermen rescued at sea hundreds of victims of U-boat sinkings of Allied shipping in the Atlantic. German U-boats sank four or five Portuguese merchant vessels as well and, in 1944, a U-boat stopped, boarded, searched, and forced the evacuation of a Portuguese ocean liner, the Serpa Pinto, in mid-Atlantic. Filled with refugees, the liner was not sunk but several passengers lost their lives and the U-boat kidnapped two of the ship's passengers, Portuguese Americans of military age, and interned them in a prison camp. As for involvement in a theater of war, hundreds of inhabitants were killed and wounded in remote East Timor, a Portuguese colony near Indonesia, which was invaded, annexed, and ruled by Japanese forces between February 1942 and August 1945. In other incidents, scores of Allied military planes, out of fuel or damaged in air combat, crashed or were forced to land in neutral Portugal. Air personnel who did not survive such crashes were buried in Portuguese cemeteries or in the English Cemetery, Lisbon.Portugal's peripheral involvement in largely nonbelligerent aspects of the war accelerated social, economic, and political change in Portugal's urban society. It strengthened political opposition to the dictatorship among intellectual and working classes, and it obliged the regime to bolster political repression. The general economic and financial status of Portugal, too, underwent improvements since creditor Britain, in order to purchase wolfram, foods, and other materials needed during the war, became indebted to Portugal. When Britain repaid this debt after the war, Portugal was able to restore and expand its merchant fleet. Unlike most of Europe, ravaged by the worst war in human history, Portugal did not suffer heavy losses of human life, infrastructure, and property. Unlike even her neighbor Spain, badly shaken by its terrible Civil War (1936-39), Portugal's immediate postwar condition was more favorable, especially in urban areas, although deep-seated poverty remained.Portugal experienced other effects, especially during 1939-42, as there was an influx of about a million war refugees, an infestation of foreign spies and other secret agents from 60 secret intelligence services, and the residence of scores of international journalists who came to report the war from Lisbon. There was also the growth of war-related mining (especially wolfram and tin). Portugal's media eagerly reported the war and, by and large, despite government censorship, the Portuguese print media favored the Allied cause. Portugal's standard of living underwent some improvement, although price increases were unpopular.The silent invasion of several thousand foreign spies, in addition to the hiring of many Portuguese as informants and spies, had fascinating outcomes. "Spyland" Portugal, especially when Portugal was a key point for communicating with occupied Europe (1940-44), witnessed some unusual events, and spying for foreigners at least briefly became a national industry. Until mid-1944, when Allied forces invaded France, Portugal was the only secure entry point from across the Atlantic to Europe or to the British Isles, as well as the escape hatch for refugees, spies, defectors, and others fleeing occupied Europe or Vichy-controlled Morocco, Tunisia, and Algeria. Through Portugal by car, ship, train, or scheduled civil airliner one could travel to and from Spain or to Britain, or one could leave through Portugal, the westernmost continental country of Europe, to seek refuge across the Atlantic in the Americas.The wartime Portuguese scene was a colorful melange of illegal activities, including espionage, the black market, war propaganda, gambling, speculation, currency counterfeiting, diamond and wolfram smuggling, prostitution, and the drug and arms trade, and they were conducted by an unusual cast of characters. These included refugees, some of whom were spies, smugglers, diplomats, and business people, many from foreign countries seeking things they could find only in Portugal: information, affordable food, shelter, and security. German agents who contacted Allied sailors in the port of Lisbon sought to corrupt and neutralize these men and, if possible, recruit them as spies, and British intelligence countered this effort. Britain's MI-6 established a new kind of "safe house" to protect such Allied crews from German espionage and venereal disease infection, an approved and controlled house of prostitution in Lisbon's bairro alto district.Foreign observers and writers were impressed with the exotic, spy-ridden scene in Lisbon, as well as in Estoril on the Sun Coast (Costa do Sol), west of Lisbon harbor. What they observed appeared in noted autobiographical works and novels, some written during and some after the war. Among notable writers and journalists who visited or resided in wartime Portugal were Hungarian writer and former communist Arthur Koestler, on the run from the Nazi's Gestapo; American radio broadcaster-journalist Eric Sevareid; novelist and Hollywood script-writer Frederick Prokosch; American diplomat George Kennan; Rumanian cultural attache and later scholar of mythology Mircea Eliade; and British naval intelligence officer and novelist-to-be Ian Fleming. Other notable visiting British intelligence officers included novelist Graham Greene; secret Soviet agent in MI-6 and future defector to the Soviet Union Harold "Kim" Philby; and writer Malcolm Muggeridge. French letters were represented by French writer and airman, Antoine Saint-Exupery and French playwright, Jean Giroudoux. Finally, Aquilino Ribeiro, one of Portugal's premier contemporary novelists, wrote about wartime Portugal, including one sensational novel, Volframio, which portrayed the profound impact of the exploitation of the mineral wolfram on Portugal's poor, still backward society.In Estoril, Portugal, the idea for the world's most celebrated fictitious spy, James Bond, was probably first conceived by Ian Fleming. Fleming visited Portugal several times after 1939 on Naval Intelligence missions, and later he dreamed up the James Bond character and stories. Background for the early novels in the James Bond series was based in part on people and places Fleming observed in Portugal. A key location in Fleming's first James Bond novel, Casino Royale (1953) is the gambling Casino of Estoril. In addition, one aspect of the main plot, the notion that a spy could invent "secret" intelligence for personal profit, was observed as well by the British novelist and former MI-6 officer, while engaged in operations in wartime Portugal. Greene later used this information in his 1958 spy novel, Our Man in Havana, as he observed enemy agents who fabricated "secrets" for money.Thus, Portugal's World War II experiences introduced the country and her people to a host of new peoples, ideas, products, and influences that altered attitudes and quickened the pace of change in this quiet, largely tradition-bound, isolated country. The 1943-45 connections established during the Allied use of air and naval bases in Portugal's Azores Islands were a prelude to Portugal's postwar membership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). -
14 зона
1) General subject: band, belt, pocket, range, region, zone, zone of risk (ЭВМ корпоративной сети, которые могут быть доступны для пользователей при правильной работе защитного экрана. Чтобы обнаружить на них нападение, администратору системы достаточно контролировать лишь зону риска), penal colony, penitentiary, forced-labor camp3) Biology: areal4) Aviation: landing zone5) Medicine: (климатическая) belt, distribution (васкуляризации или иннервации), zona6) Colloquial: prison camp (ИТК)7) Military: area, (патронная) belt, corridor, nuclear weapons free zone, volume9) Construction: working area11) Automobile industry: band (на диаграмме)12) Metallurgy: band (уровней энергии)13) Telecommunications: coverage14) Information technology: extent, reach (АЛГОЛ 68), record (на магнитной ленте)15) Oil: belt (геологической структуры), lane, zn16) Sociology: district20) Automation: place21) Chromatography: spot22) Psychoanalysis: area23) Makarov: enclave, interval, island, superficies24) Gold mining: area (напр. areas referred to in this report; areas selected for future work), gold zone25) Electrical engineering: (энергетическая) band26) Basketball: zone (тип защиты, при который каждый игрок охраняет свой участок поля) -
15 задержка
1) General subject: arrest, backset, balk, break, check, checking, delay, detention, heel dragging, heel-dragging, held ball, held-ball, hitch, hold-up, holdback, impediment, inhibition, intermittence, interruption, lag, lead time, let-up (рейса, роста цен и т.д.), obstructivity, retardation, set back, setback (развития), stop, stoppage, stumble, tarriance, throw back, throw-back, tie up, tie-up (производства, движения), timeout, trouble4) Medicine: catch, hindrance, retention, suppression, late menstrual period, late period, late periods, delayed menstrual period5) Colloquial: (о менструации) be late for one's period7) Obsolete: tarry9) Military: cut-off (затвора), hold, jamming, lag time, malfout (механизма), malfunction (механизма), malfunctioning (механизма), retainer, stoppage (при стрельбе)10) Engineering: detaining, dwell, entrapment, hesitation, holdup, lagging, latency, objection, retard, stopping, dwell time (фиксированный промежуток времени выходного импульса датчика)11) Agriculture: setback (развития и т.п.)12) Construction: time lag (во времени)14) Religion: cunctation15) Railway term: congestion, detection, drag (движения), escapement (о реле)16) Law: mora17) Economy: blocking19) Veterinary medicine: stricture20) Mining: obstruction21) Diplomatic term: setback (в развитии), tie-up (производства, движения и т.п.)24) Polygraphy: transposition (в вызове матрицы из канала магазина)25) Psychology: inertia (раздражения в ответ на стимуляцию)26) Telecommunications: inequality27) Physics: arrestment28) Electronics: time delay29) Jargon: bug30) Information technology: deference31) Oil: holdup (количество перегоняемой жидкости, остающейся в ректификационной колонне)32) Fishery: ent retinaculum34) Business: standstill, stay36) Missiles: hold (в регламентных работах по подготовке и пуску)37) Quality control: blocking (обслуженного требования), lateness (относительно директивного срока в системе ПЕРТ)38) Arms production: fails to fire (в действии механизма оружия), mechanical stoppage, temporary stoppage39) Telephony: camp-on (обслуживания вызова)40) Cables: retardance, retardence (retardance)41) Makarov: delay (по времени), dwell (сигнала в гидросистеме), impediment (роста), inhibit, lag (по времени), lay-off, repose, staying, stoppage (срабатывания механизма), suspense, suspension42) Karachaganak: slippage (по времени)43) Basketball: (тип нарушения) holding -
16 ломаться
1) General subject: act up, break, camp, crack (о голосе), dilapidate, fracture, snap, be prim, clown, jest, mince, play hard-to-get2) Colloquial: be off, burn out (переживать состояние морально-психологического и физического истощения to have a nervous breakdown, to experience total moral, psychological and/or physical exhaustion), bust a gut working, crack up, have a breakdown, put on an act, to be off, work brains out (много, тяжело работать to do a great deal of hard work), work butt off3) Engineering: break down, crash4) Economy: break (напр. об оборудовании)5) Australian slang: cark it6) Automobile industry: conk, get out of order7) Mining: jackknife8) Deprecatingly: theatricalize9) Textile: split10) Jargon: go haywire12) Makarov: break down (о машине), break up, burst, chip, conk (о двигателе), smash, smash up, snap (внезапно), snap off, we are off now13) Taboo: work ass off -
17 под открытым небом
1) General subject: camp out, in the (open) air, in the weather, (быть) to be out in the open, out in the open2) Aviation: in the open air3) Military: in the open4) Construction: out-of-door5) Mining: to the sky7) Drilling: out of doorУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > под открытым небом
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18 полевой телефон
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19 полностью оборудованный лагерь геологов
Gold mining: a well equipped and maintained campУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > полностью оборудованный лагерь геологов
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20 посёлок
1) General subject: colony, habitation, housing development, place, small town, township, village, town (обычно, городского типа), very small town2) American: village (городского типа)3) Engineering: residential settlement, settlement4) Construction: encampment, market town (с рынком), micropolitan, parish territory, residential parish, camp, estate5) Law: rural settlement6) Mining: (рудничный) townsite7) Sociology: built-up area, human settlement8) Cartography: quarters9) Advertising: housing estate10) Sakhalin energy glossary: housing complex (Зима)11) Makarov: community, locality, neighborhood (где проживают от 500 до 1000 семейств, США), residential community, settlement (of urban type) (городского типа)
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